Oracle to_char的用法

The following are number examples for the to_char function.

to_char(1210.73, '9999.9')	would return '1210.7'
to_char(1210.73, '9,999.99')	would return '1,210.73'
to_char(1210.73, '$9,999.00')	would return '$1,210.73'
to_char(21, '000099')	would return '000021'

The following is a list of valid parameters when the to_char function is used to convert a date to a string. These parameters can be used in many combinations.

Parameter Explanation

YEAR	Year, spelled out
YYYY	4-digit year
YYY YY Y	Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of year.
IYY IY I	Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of ISO year.
IYYY	4-digit year based on the ISO standard
Q	Quarter of year (1, 2, 3, 4; JAN-MAR = 1).
MM	Month (01-12; JAN = 01).
MON	Abbreviated name of month.
MONTH	Name of month, padded with blanks to length of 9 characters.
RM	Roman numeral month (I-XII; JAN = I).
WW	Week of year (1-53) where week 1 starts on the first day of the year and continues to the seventh day of the year.
W	Week of month (1-5) where week 1 starts on the first day of the month and ends on the seventh.
IW	Week of year (1-52 or 1-53) based on the ISO standard.
D	Day of week (1-7).
DAY	Name of day.
DD	Day of month (1-31).
DDD	Day of year (1-366).
DY	Abbreviated name of day.
J	Julian day; the number of days since January 1, 4712 BC.
HH	Hour of day (1-12).
HH12	Hour of day (1-12).
HH24	Hour of day (0-23).
MI	Minute (0-59).
SS	Second (0-59).
SSSSS	Seconds past midnight (0-86399).
FF	Fractional seconds.

The following are date examples for the to_char function.

to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy/mm/dd');	would return '2003/07/09'
to_char(sysdate, 'Month DD, YYYY');	would return 'July 09, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY');	would return 'July 9, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'MON DDth, YYYY');	would return 'JUL 09TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY');	would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY');	would return 'Jul 9th, 2003'

You will notice that in some examples, the format_mask parameter begins with "FM". This means that zeros and blanks are suppressed. This can be seen in the examples below.

to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY');	would return 'July 9, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY');	would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY');	would return 'Jul 9th, 2003'

The zeros have been suppressed so that the day component shows as "9" as opposed to "09".

Oracle函数to_char转化数字型指定小数点位数的用法

to_char，函数功能，就是将数值型或者日期型转化为字符型。

比如最简单的应用：

/*1.0123--->'1.0123'*/
SelectTO_CHAR(1.0123)FROMDUAL
/*123--->'123'*/
SelectTO_CHAR(123)FROMDUAL

接下来再看看下面：

/*0.123--->'.123'*/
SELECTO_CHAR(0.123)FROMDUAL

上面的结果 '.123' 在大多数情况下都不是我们想要的结果，我们想要的应该是 '0.123'。

我们来看一下to_char函数的具体用法：

TO_CHAR ( n [, fmt [, 'nlsparam']] )

该函数将NUMBER类型的n按数值格式fmt转换成VARCHAR2类型的值。'nlsparams'指定由数值格式的元素返回的字符,包括:

．小数点字符

．组分隔符

．本地钱币符号

．国际钱币符号

变元的形式为：

'NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS="dg"NLS_CURRENCY="tcxt"NLS_ISO_CURRENCY=territory'

其中d为小数点字符,g为组分隔符。

例:TO_CHAR(17145,'L099G999','NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS=".,"NLS_CURRENCY="NUD"')=NUD017,145

通过上面的了解，再查看fmt的一些格式，我们可以用以下表达式得到'0.123'的值：

/*0.123--->'0.123'*/
SelectTO_CHAR(0.123,'0.999')FROMDUAL
/*100.12--->'######'*/
SelectTO_CHAR(100.12,'0.999')FROMDUAL
/*1.12--->'1.120'*/
SelectTO_CHAR(1.12,'0.999')FROMDUAL

' 0.123'是出来了，可是前面又多了一个空格。

对于 100.12 的值却是######，以及'1.12'的值变成了 '1.120'。

我们重新确定一个新的需求：

1、去空格

2、小数点最多4位，最少保留2位。

1--->'1.00'；1.1--->'1.00'；1.12-->'1.12'；1.1234--->'1.1234'；

1.12345--->'1.1235'

最终实现如下：

/*
FM：除空格
9999999.0099：允许小数点左边最大正数为7位，小数点右边最少2位，最多4位，且在第5位进行四舍五入
*/
SelectTO_CHAR(123.0233,'FM9999999.0099')FROMDUAL

to_char函数特殊用法

to_char(sysdate,'d') 每周第几天
to_char(sysdate,'dd') 每月第几天
to_char(sysdate,'ddd') 每年第几天
to_char(sysdate,'ww') 每年第几周
to_char(sysdate,'mm') 每年第几月
to_char(sysdate,'q') 每年第几季
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') 年

比如要找某个时间为每周第几天就可以
SQL> select to_char(to_date('20070101','yyyymmdd'),'d') from dual;